Edward Willett

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Joint replacement: what’s a nice joint like you doing in a dame like this?

"Gentlemen, we can rebuild him. We have the technology." So began each episode of The Six Million Dollar Man. Twenty-some years after that TV series aired, we still don't have bionic people capable of superhuman feats of strength and speed, but we do have lots of people walking around with artificial parts: especially, artificial joints. My own "bionic Mom" is among them; she has two artificial knees and, as of last week, an artificial shoulder. A joint is formed by the ends of two or more bones connected by thick tissues. Some are basically hinges, like the knee; others have a ball-and-socket construction, like the hip. In a normal joint, the bone ends are covered with a smooth ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 0:20, November 18th, 2002 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Yet another column about tea

Tea is not only the most popular beverage in the world, it's also good for you. Over the past 20 years, scientists have discovered potential benefits from tea against cancer, high blood pressure and infection. Now comes a report that tea may be an effective weapon in the fight against diabetes. First, some basic tea facts: Tea is what you get when you pour boiling water over the leaves of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to Southeast Asia. According to legend, the Chinese emperor Shen-Nung learned how to brew tea in 2737 BC when a few leaves from the plant accidentally fell into water he was boiling. Tea eventually spread from ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 3:42, October 22nd, 2002 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Ebola

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is in the news again, due to an outbreak in Gabon. Ebola is always news because, unlike most rare tropical diseases, it's part of pop culture, thanks to Richard Preston's 1994 best-seller The Hot Zone and Dustin Hoffman's 1995 movie Outbreak. As a result, many people follow news of Ebola outbreaks with bated breath, wondering if the disease will break out of Africa and spread unstoppably across the world. After all, didn't Preston write that Ebola can be seen as Earth's attempt "to rid itself of an infection by the human parasite"? Well, if that's what Ebola is, it's a pretty pitiful attempt. Ebola hemorrhagic fever has killed fewer than 1,000 people since 1976. Pneumonia ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 1:44, December 11th, 2001 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Sneezing and coughing

If you've been to a concert or play recently, you know 'tis the season for coughing and sneezing--usually during the quietest moments. Both coughing and sneezing are reflex actions (sneezing more so than coughing--you can cough deliberately, but it's almost impossible to fake a sneeze.) And as the proud father of a five-and-a-half-month-old baby girl, I can tell you we know how to cough and sneeze from infancy--in fact, Alice sneezed as I typed this sentence. Both sneezing and coughing are intended to expel unwanted material from the airway. Sneezes begin with an irritation in your nose. This excites the trigeminal nerve, which sends impulses to the "sneezing center," a set of neurons in the ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 14:26, December 4th, 2001 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Laser eye surgery

I grew up in a glasses-wearing family. My parents wore glasses, my two older brothers wore glasses and I, by the age of five, also wore glasses. In more recent years, my brother Dwight and I switched to contacts, but while contacts may be invisible to others, they're still glasses, albeit tiny ones stuck to your eyeballs. But within the last couple of years, Dwight got rid of glasses forever (hopefully). He underwent laser eye surgery to correct his vision. No more glasses --and bragging rights over the rest of us, which in a family of three boys are important rights indeed. The eye works essentially the same as a camera. Light strikes the cornea, ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 11:13, June 26th, 2001 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

A shortage of sleep

Are you feeling sleepy? If you are, you might think it's the busy time of the year, but sleepiness isn't limited to the holidays. According to scientists, around two thirds of North Americans are sleep-deprived all the time. Over the past century the average amount of sleep people get has shrunk by more than 20 percent. Today, one out of three of us gets by on six or fewer hours of sleep a night. This is not good. To name just one effect of the shortage of sleep, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in the U.S. estimates that drowsy drivers cause at least 100,000 car accidents a year in ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 11:27, December 5th, 2000 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Alzheimer’s Disease

There are few diseases as frightening as Alzheimer's. Most diseases, even if they ravage your body, leave your mind intact. Alzheimer's leaves the body intact but robs victims of their memories and personality. No wonder it is sometimes called "dying by inches." There is neither a cure nor an effective treatment --but there is hope. Breakthroughs are coming fast and furious, and within a few years, there may be treatments that allow us to, if not cure the disease, at least slow or even halt its progression. Alzheimer's Disease was identified in 1906 by Dr. Alois Alzheimer, a German neuropathologist, in the brain of a 55-year-old patient who had spent the last year of her life ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 5:33, August 8th, 2000 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Migraines

  Few afflictions are more common than headaches. Statistics (themselves the cause of many headaches) show that in the U.S., up to 50 million people go to the doctor for headaches annually. Among headaches, however, migraines hold a special place. The pounding pain can last for hours or even days. Movement makes it worse. Nausea and sensitivity to light and sound heighten the misery. The word "migraine" comes from the Greek, and means "half a skull": migraines almost always occur on only one side of the head. About one-third of migraine sufferers report zig-zag flashing lights, blind spots, numbness and distorted visual images before the onset of a migraine. These early warning signs are called an "aura." Migraine sufferers have included Thomas ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 16:30, June 19th, 2000 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

The Hygiene Hypothesis

Here in North America we’re obsessed by cleanliness. We shower daily, sluice down our kitchens with anti-bacterial soap, try to keep our children from playing in the mud. Through good hygiene, we’ve eradicated or reduced the incidence of many diseases—but some scientists are now beginning to think we may have gone too far. Nearly 700 new antibacterial products, from soaps and lotions to toys, mattresses and even computer touch screens, hit the market between 1992 and 1998. But some of us are sicker than ever. The number of people complaining of allergies doubled in the 1990s. The number of people with asthma has increased by at least half in the last 20 years. Other disorders of ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 11:46, May 17th, 2000 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Longevity

Centuries ago, Ponce de Leon sought the Fountain of Youth in Florida. Today, his quest lives on in laboratories around the world. The discoveries are coming thick and fast, too. Just last week Leonard Guarente and scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology announced they have figured out how a gene found in yeast controls longevity. The gene, Silent Information Regulator, or SIR2, is present in mice and humans, too. It apparently controls lifespan in yeast by deactivating whole sections of the yeast genome. This has the effect of slowing the yeast's metabolic rate, and other studies have shown there's a strong correlation between a slower metabolic rate and longevity: ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 11:48, February 22nd, 2000 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »