Edward Willett

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Longevity

Centuries ago, Ponce de Leon sought the Fountain of Youth in Florida. Today, his quest lives on in laboratories around the world. The discoveries are coming thick and fast, too. Just last week Leonard Guarente and scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology announced they have figured out how a gene found in yeast controls longevity. The gene, Silent Information Regulator, or SIR2, is present in mice and humans, too. It apparently controls lifespan in yeast by deactivating whole sections of the yeast genome. This has the effect of slowing the yeast's metabolic rate, and other studies have shown there's a strong correlation between a slower metabolic rate and longevity: ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 11:48, February 22nd, 2000 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

The winter brain

On a cold, dark January day, your brain just slips into neutral. Thoughts crawl along like a snail on sedatives, you can barely remember your own name, and higher functions like mathematics are simply beyond your ability. Right? Not according to a recent study. Apparently, our minds are actually sharper in the winter than in the summer! Like you, psychiatrists who study seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a.k.a. the "winter blues," have always assumed mental processes slow in the cold and dark of winter. But last year Tim Brennen, a psychologist at the University of Tromsø, Norway--the most northerly university in the world, 300 kilometres north of the Arctic Circle--decided to test the idea. Brennen gave ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 16:28, January 11th, 2000 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Stem cells

  Imagine being able to grow any kind of human tissue in the laboratory and using it to replace the damaged cells of someone suffering from diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's or muscular dystrophy. Within a decade or two that science fictional dream could be reality, thanks to a breakthrough last week that scientists have been pursuing for 17 years: the successful culturing of human embryonic stem cells. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell but have the potential to form any of them. They also have the potential to grow indefinitely in the laboratory. Together, those facts raise the possibility of growing unlimited supplies of any human tissue. Two different teams of scientists announced last week ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 22:58, November 9th, 1998 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Digging for the Spanish Flu

  In late 1917 or 1918, a new strain of influenza appeared in what is now Ft. Riley, Kansas. There's nothing unusual about that: new strains of influenza appear all the time. At first, this one seemed no worse than any other. But something changed. As this flu spread to the east, it became seven times more deadly than regular flu. Carried across the ocean by American troops heading for World War I, it eventually spread around the world. By the time the epidemic burned itself out, it had killed more than 20 million people worldwide. (In Philadelphia alone, in the third week of October, 1918, 4,600 people died of it.) It was more deadly than the War itself. The ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 17:51, September 7th, 1998 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Sunscreens

  Considering our winters, it's not surprising we love the summer sun. Unfortunately, too much sun isn't good for us: the thinning ozone layer is letting in more ultraviolet radiation than it used to, and as a result, skin cancer is on the increase. That unhappy fact has made sunscreens, concoctions that keep ultraviolet radiation from reaching the skin, all the rage. Just one problem: although they prevent sunburns, we don't know for sure if they prevent skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation, which make up 15 percent of the solar energy that reaches Earth's surface, packs enough energy to damage our skin's DNA. Our skin tries to fight this by tanning: producing more of the dark pigment melanin. There are two kinds of ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 23:08, June 15th, 1998 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Tea, revisited

  I drink a lot of tea. In my family, every meal except breakfast was accompanied by a tall glass of iced tea, and today, I almost always have a glass of iced tea at hand when I'm watching TV, reading, or writing this column. Which means that recent studies touting the health benefits of tea drinking tickle me pink. But first, some background. Tea, the most popular beverage in the world, is created by pouring boiling water over the leaves of Camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to Southeast Asia. Chinese legend states the emperor Shen-Nung learned how to brew tea in 2737 BC when a few leaves from the plant accidentally fell into water he was boiling. From China ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 3:40, September 16th, 1997 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Sports injuries

  Ah, warmer weather at last! Time to get out there and throw that--ouch!--ball, and swing that--ooh!--golf club, and jog around the--oof!--lake...and then, more than likely, turn on that--aah!--heating pad, fill that--mmm--ice pack, and slip into--whew!--bed. Yes, 'tis the season for athletic injuries, as those who haven't done anything except shovel snow for half a year sudden remember that once upon a time they had other forms of recreation--something their bodies have forgotten. Sports injuries are one of the most common kinds of injuries we inflict on ourselves. It's not too surprising, either, when you consider the strain sports put on our bodies. A runner's foot pounds against a hard surface hundreds of times per kilometer, a tennis player's shoulder swings ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 22:47, May 12th, 1997 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Weight control

Here's a topic I have far too much experience with: trying to control one's personal mass. Let me lay out my own history... December, 1979. After two years of university, eating far too many pizzas and far too much vending-machine food, I return to Canada weighing 265 pounds. Nobody calls me "Slim." July, 1981. After a year and a half of eating Mom's cooking instead of fast food, I've dropped 30 pounds. June, 1987. Following several gruelling months of serious dieting and exercise, I've reached the incredible (for me) weight of 190 pounds...my weight for the rest of my life, I figure. October, 1988. ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 16:03, March 6th, 1997 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Kitchen germs

In my small, elderly house, the bathroom opens onto the kitchen, which has always worried me: I keep picturing armies of bacteria marching out of the bathroom to contaminate my food. It turns out my concern is misguided: a recent study indicates it's more likely bacteria from the kitchen will contaminate my bathroom.. Scientists from the University of Arizona in Tucson tested several houses and discovered the kitchens were almost always more contaminated with bacteria than the bathrooms, even by germs spread by fecal contamination, such as E. coli (source of "Hamburger disease"). In fact, the average toilet rim was relatively germ-free compared to the average counter top....

Posted by Edward Willett at 11:05, February 24th, 1997 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Sleep revisited

  "To sleep, perchance to dream..." So, did you sleep in over the long weekend? Chances are, you did. And maybe, if you're like me, you felt guilty about it. After all, the summer's almost over. We should all be outside enjoying the beautiful weather, or painting the house, or exercising, or spending time with our families, or doing anything other than wasting time sleeping. But is sleeping really a waste of time? Scientists don't think so. In fact, sleep is such a worthwhile way to spend time that every bird, fish, reptile and mammal does it. It's so worthwhile that we spend a third of our lives doing it. And if that doesn't make it seem worthwhile enough, if we ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 14:20, September 2nd, 1996 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »