Edward Willett

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Football physics

This Sunday in Vancouver, thousands of people will gather to watch an impressive demonstration of momentum, mass, drag and other basic physics provided by highly trained specialists from Hamilton and Calgary.  This scientific exposition is called "the Grey Cup." One interesting demonstration will be the forward pass.  A football moving through the air has inertia--the universal tendency of objects in motion to remain in motion (and objects at rest to remain at rest).  If not for gravity and air resistance, it would simply sail away in a straight line and never come down. Gravity, however, pulls the ball down from the moment it leaves the quarterback's hand.  The quarterback's goal is to balance the ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 22:39, November 24th, 1999 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Skateboarding

Skateboarders have become as much a part of the urban landscape as pigeons, scooting down the roads and sidewalks, jumping over curbs, turning any ramp, railing or set of steps into an excuse for acrobatics--seemingly defying the laws of physics. Skateboarding may seem like the ultimate in turn-of-the-millennium hipness, but it's been around a long time. Back in the '30s and '40s, kids used to attach roller skates to two-by-fours. In 1958, a California surf shop went a step further, creating a "surfboard" that could be used even when the waves weren't up by mounting skate wheels on square wooden boards. Skateboarding promptly caught on big-time in California, where they ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 11:32, August 28th, 1999 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Bouncing balls

Summer is high sports season, and most of the games being played involve balls: baseballs, tennis balls, volleyballs, soccer balls. At first glance, every ball appears much the same as every other ball: round and bouncy. The only thing that's different is the size. But in fact, each ball is designed specifically for the sport in which is it used, and trying to use, say, a tennis ball in a baseball game will produce strange results. The ball will take off from the bat like crazy, but will lose speed in a hurry and, if it isn't fielded correctly, will bounce right over the fielders' head. To understand why different balls work in different ways, ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 11:19, August 17th, 1999 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Scuba diving

Now that winter has descended upon us in earnest, many Canadians are planning a trip south to Florida or the Caribbean, where they'll bask in the warm sun, eat exotic foods--and maybe even try a little scuba diving. "Scuba" is a word in its own right now, but originally it was an acronym for "Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus." Attempts to develop such apparatus began in the early 20th century, but it wasn't until 1943 that what we think of as the typical scuba, called the Aqualung, was invented by Jacques Coustau and Emil Gagnan. It was the aqualung that opened up recreational diving to the likes of vacationing Snowbirds. Scuba divers wear tanks that carry a ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 16:16, January 5th, 1998 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Home runs

It's World Series time again, and it's shaping up to be an exciting one--but for me, nothing can equal the excitement of the 1909 Series. I remember it like it was yesterday. The smell of the grass, the roar of the crowd, as I made my way to the mound to start for the Detroit Tigers... What's that? I'm too young to have pitched in the 1909 World Series? Well, I dare you to look it up. 1909. Detroit Tigers. Ed Willett. See? I'm older than I look. The game has changed a lot since then, but it's still a duel between pitcher and ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 11:23, October 20th, 1997 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

The world land speed record attempt

Right now, on a dry lake bed in Black Rock, Nevada, two teams are locked in a fierce competition. Using exotic, jet-propelled vehicles, they're striving to break the sound barrier--on land. In the process, they're pushing technology to its limits. What makes the competition even more interesting is the contrast between the two teams. On the one side is the Thrust SSC (SSC stands for SuperSonic Car), whose design was carefully modelled using computers and wind tunnels before it was ever built. On the other side is the Spirit of America, whose genesis was a little more, well, informal. "Yeah, we modeled the car," says crew chief Dezso Molnar. "We modeled it for about 42 seconds on ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 16:38, September 22nd, 1997 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Golf technology

If I had to name two sports that are heavily technology-driven, I'd probably name auto racing--and golf. Auto racing is an obvious choice. But golf? Golf looks so simple. A player, a club, a ball, a hole. Player swings club, hits ball, puts it into hole. Where's the technology in that? If you have to ask that question, you haven't been shopping for golf clubs or golf balls recently. There are more choices than ever before, and all of them are being touted as the latest, greatest technological advance. When golf started out, and for centuries after, golf clubs were all made of wood. At a fairly ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 16:58, June 16th, 1997 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Sports injuries

  Ah, warmer weather at last! Time to get out there and throw that--ouch!--ball, and swing that--ooh!--golf club, and jog around the--oof!--lake...and then, more than likely, turn on that--aah!--heating pad, fill that--mmm--ice pack, and slip into--whew!--bed. Yes, 'tis the season for athletic injuries, as those who haven't done anything except shovel snow for half a year sudden remember that once upon a time they had other forms of recreation--something their bodies have forgotten. Sports injuries are one of the most common kinds of injuries we inflict on ourselves. It's not too surprising, either, when you consider the strain sports put on our bodies. A runner's foot pounds against a hard surface hundreds of times per kilometer, a tennis player's shoulder swings ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 22:47, May 12th, 1997 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Olympic technology 1996

At a speed-skating meet in Norway in the 1960s, Canadian Paul Enoch smashed a world record by three seconds. He did it wearing a pair of his wife's skintight nylon stockings--in an age when most skaters still wore flapping woolen garments. A year later, the first skin-tight nylon racing suit was released on the market. That just goes to show the effect new technology can have on a sport--and these days, that technology is a lot more sophisticated than nylon stockings. At the Olympic Games now underway in Atlanta, technological advances are helping both athletes and organizers. Take the cyclists, for instance. As they race around a 400-metre track at 55 kilometers per hour, they'll be ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 18:24, July 23rd, 1996 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »

Footballs in flight

In case you haven't heard, there's a little football game being played over at Taylor Field next Sunday between a team from Calgary and a team from Baltimore. Canadian football is known as a pass-happy game, so I thought I'd delve into the aerodynamics of a flying football. Football aerodynamics, however, isn't something you just look up in an encyclopedia. Instead, I got on the World Wide Web, did a search for "football" and "aerodynamics," and immediately came up with Dr. Peter Lissaman, Adjunct Professor of Aerodynamics at the University of Southern California and one of the world's leading experts in the aerodynamics of spinning objects. (In fact, he just recently gave a ...

Posted by Edward Willett at 22:38, November 13th, 1995 under Blog, Columns, Science Columns | Comment now »