St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital scientists have developed a bird flu vaccine that looks very promising:
A commercially developed vaccine has successfully protected mice and ferrets against a highly lethal avian influenza virus, according to the investigator who led the study at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. The vaccine was developed by Vical Incorporated in San Diego, California.
This finding, coupled with results of previous studies that showed protection against multiple human influenza strains, suggests that such a vaccine would protect humans against multiple variants of the bird and human influenza viruses, according to Richard Webby, Ph.D., assistant member of Infectious Diseases at St. Jude. Such a vaccine could protect humans against an H5N1 “bird flu” virus that mutates so that it adapts to humans and can readily spread from person to person, Webby said. Flu experts and public health officials fear that such an H5N1 variant would trigger a human pandemic (worldwide epidemic).
Later on in the press release comes this bit of good news:
In the St. Jude study, the full, three-component vaccine (H5, NP and M2) provided complete protection in mice against lethal challenges with a highly virulent (Vietnam/1203/2004) H5N1 avian influenza virus. Moreover, other studies showed that a smaller version of the vaccine containing only the NP and M2 components provided significant protection against several strains of human influenza virus as well as the H5N1 “bird flu” strain.
“Such cross-protection against bird and human influenza is considered by researchers to be the ‘Holy Grail’ of flu vaccines,” Webby said. “By stimulating immune responses against targets not likely to mutate, the vaccine could trigger an immune defense against a broad range of variants of the virus.
“Even if the bird flu virus mutates so it becomes adapted to humans, this kind of cross protection will allow the immune system to track and attack such an emerging new variant without missing a beat,” Webby said. “We wouldn’t have to wait to start developing a vaccine against it until after the original virus mutated.”
Webby’s team showed that all mice and ferrets that received the DNA vaccine survived the challenge with the virulent H5N1 strain, while those that received a “blank” vaccine control did not survive. The vaccine also prevented weight loss in all animals challenged with the virulent virus, suggesting that the vaccine might also protect humans against serious flu-related sickness.
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True enough. But another influenza pandemic is almost certain at some point. Even if we never need a vaccine for bird flu–and there seems to be some reason to think that this particular virus isn’t a good candidate for mutating into a human pandemic-causing form–research into preparing a vaccine for it will be valuable when we really do need to come up with a vaccine in a hurry.
Experts say that human-to-human transmission of the virus is required for the avian flu to become an epidemic, and there have been few documented cases of human-to-human transmission of the avian flu virus worldwide.
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